ASTM A334/A334M Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-Temperature Service.

ASTM A334/A334M低溫用無縫和焊接碳鋼和合金鋼管標準規範。

ASTM A334 specification covers standard specification for several grades of minimum-wall-thickness, seamless and welded, carbon and alloy-steel tubes intended for use at low temperatures. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt, and molybdenum. The number of tubes in a heat-treatment lot shall be determined from the size of the tubes. The tubes shall have a hardness number that does not exceed the prescribed Rockwell and Brinell hardness values. Several grades of steel shall conform to the following tensile properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. For Grades 1, 3, 6, 7, and 9, the notch-bar impact properties of each set of three impact specimens, including specimens for the welded joint in welded pipe, shall not be less than the prescribed values. Several mechanical tests shall be conducted, namely: flattening test; flare test (seamless tubes); flange test (welded tubes); reverse flattening test; hardness test; and impact tests. Hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test shall also be performed. Materials shall be tested for impact resistance at the prescribed temperature for the respective grades. Impact temperature reduction values shall be by any amount equal to the difference between the temperature reduction corresponding to the actual material thickness and the temperature reduction corresponding to Charpy specimen width actually tested.

ASTM A334規範涵蓋了用於低溫的幾種等級的最小壁厚無縫和焊接碳和合金鋼管的標準規範。鋼應符合碳、錳、磷、硫、矽、鎳、鉻、銅、鈷和鉬所需的化學成分。熱處理批次中的管子數量應根據管子的尺寸確定。管子的硬度值不得超過規定的洛氏和布氏硬度值。幾種等級的鋼應符合以下拉伸性能：抗拉強度、屈服強度和伸長率。對於1、3、6、7和9級，每組三個衝擊試樣（包括焊接管焊接接頭試樣）的缺口棒衝擊性能不得低於規定值。應進行多項機械試驗，即：壓扁試驗；火炬試驗（無縫管）；法蘭試驗（焊接管）；反向壓扁試驗；硬度試驗；以及衝擊試驗。還應進行靜水壓或無損電試驗。應在規定溫度下測試各等級材料的抗衝擊性。衝擊溫度降低值應等於實際材料厚度對應的溫度降低與實際測試的夏比試樣寬度對應的溫度減少之間的差值。

Scope範圍

1.1 This specification2 covers several grades of minimum-wall-thickness, seamless and welded, carbon and alloy-steel tubes intended for use at low temperatures. Some product sizes may not be available under this specification because heavier wall thicknesses have an adverse affect on low-temperature impact properties.

1.1本規範2涵蓋了用於低溫的幾種最小壁厚等級的無縫和焊接碳和合金鋼管。根據本規範，某些草莓视频下载免费尺寸可能不可用，因為較厚的壁厚會對低溫衝擊性能產生不利影響。

1.2 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is provided. This shall apply only when specified by the purchaser.

1.2提供了可選性質的補充要求S1。這僅適用於買方指定的情況。

NOTE 1: For tubing smaller than 1/2  in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter, the elongation values given for strip specimens in Table 1 shall apply. Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1/8  in. [3.2 mm] in outside diameter and with a wall thickness under 0.015 in. [0.4 mm].

注1：對於外徑小於1/2英寸[12.7毫米]的管子，表1中給出的條形試樣伸長率值應適用。機械性能要求不適用於外徑小於1/8英寸[3.2毫米]、壁厚小於0.015英寸[0.4毫米]的管子。

1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.

1.3以英寸-磅單位或國際單位表示的值應單獨視為標準值。在文本中，國際單位製顯示在括號中。每個係統中所述的值不是完全等效的；因此，每個係統都必須獨立使用。結合兩個係統的值可能會導致不符合規範。除非訂單中指定了本規範的“M”名稱，否則應采用英寸-磅單位。

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.4本標準並不旨在解決與其使用相關的所有安全問題（如有）。本標準的使用者有責任在使用前建立適當的安全、健康和環境實踐，並確定監管限製的適用性。

1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

1.5本國際標準是根據世界貿易組織技術性貿易壁壘委員會發布的《關於製定國際標準、指南和建議的原則的決定》中確立的國際公認的標準化原則製定的。

What is ASTM A333 Grade 6 pipe equivalent to?  ASTM A333 6級管道相當於什麽？

ASTM A333 Grade 6 pipe is equivalent to several international standards including EN/DIN 10216-2, BS 3059 Part 2, and ASME SA-106.

ASTM A333 6級管道相當於幾個國際標準，包括EN/DIN 10216-2、BS 3059第2部分和ASME SA-106。

ASTM A334 / ASME SA334 Grade 6 Chemical Compositions  ASTM A334/ASME SA334 6級化學成分

Mechanical Tests Required所需的機械測試

Maximum Hardness Number最大硬度值

A334 GR.6 Impact requirements A334 GR.6撞擊要求

A334 GR.6 Impact Temperature Reduction: A334 GR.6衝擊溫度降低：

Other Mechanical tests as follows:其他機械測試如下：

l  Flattening Test One flattening test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot.

l壓扁試驗——應對每批成品管兩端的試樣進行一次壓扁試驗。

l  Flare Test (Seamless Tubes) One flare test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot.

l擴口試驗（無縫管）應對每批成品管兩端的試樣進行一次擴口試驗。

l  Flange Test (Welded Tubes) One flange test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot.

l法蘭試驗（焊接管）應對每批成品管兩端的試樣進行一次法蘭試驗。

l  Reverse Flattening Test For welded tubes, one re- verse flattening test shall be made on a specimen from each 1500 ft [460 m] of finished tubing.

l反向壓扁試驗對於焊接管，應在每1500英尺[460米]成品管的試樣上進行一次反向壓扁試驗。

l  Hardness Test Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot (Note 3).

l硬度試驗——應對每批兩根管子的試樣進行布氏或洛氏硬度試驗（注3）。

l  Impact Tests One notched-bar impact test, consisting of breaking three specimens, shall be made from each heat represented in a heat-treatment load on specimens taken from the finished tube.

l衝擊試驗——從成品管中取出的試樣，在熱處理載荷中代表的每一爐進行一次缺口棒材衝擊試驗，包括斷裂三個試樣。

ASTM A334 / ASME SA334 GR.6 tubes Hydrostatic or NDT test

ASTM A334/ASME SA334 GR.6管靜水壓或無損檢測試驗

Each A334 GR.6 tube shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.

每根A334 GR.6管應進行無損電氣試驗或水壓試驗。除非采購訂單中另有規定，否則製造商應選擇使用的測試類型。

Heat Treatment熱處理

All A334 GR.6 seamless and welded tubes, other than Grades 8 and 11, shall be treated to control their microstructure in Accor- dance with one of the following methods:

除8級和11級外，所有A334 GR.6無縫和焊接管應采用以下方法之一進行處理，以控製其在雅高的微觀結構：

• Normalize by heating to a uniform temperature of not less than 1550°F [845°C] and cool in air or in the cooling chamber of an atmosphere-controlled furnace.
• 通過加熱至不低於1550°F[845°C]的均勻溫度進行正火，並在空氣中或氣氛控製爐的冷卻室中冷卻。
• Normalize as in standard 10.1.1, and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature.
• 按照標準10.1.1進行正火處理，並由製造商決定重新加熱至合適的回火溫度。 
• For the seamless process only, reheat and control hot working and the temperature of the hot-finishing operation to a finishing temperature range from 1550 to 1750°F [845 to 955°C] and cool in a controlled atmosphere furnace from an initial temperature of not less than 1550°F [845°C].
• 僅適用於無縫工藝，將熱加工和熱精加工操作的溫度重新加熱並控製在1550至1750°F[845至955°C]的精加工溫度範圍內，並在可控氣氛爐中從初始溫度不低於1550°F[845]冷卻。
• Treat as in 6.1.3 and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature.
• 按照6.1.3進行處理，並由製造商決定重新加熱至合適的回火溫度。

Referenced Documents參考文件

• A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• A 370鋼製品機械試驗的試驗方法和定義
• A 450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes3
• A 450/A450M碳、鐵素體合金和奧氏體合金鋼管的一般要求規範3
• E 23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials5
• E 23金屬材料缺口衝擊試驗的試驗方法5

Ordering Information訂購信息

ASTM ASME A/SA334 GR.6 Seamless Tubes Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the material adequately:

ASTM ASME A/SA334 GR.6本規範下材料的無縫管訂單應按要求包括以下內容，以充分描述材料：

• Quantity (feet, centimeters, or number of lengths), 
• 數量（英尺、厘米或長度），
• Name of material (seamless or welded pipe),
• 材料名稱（無縫或焊接管），
• Grade
• 等級
• Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
• 尺寸（外徑和最小壁厚），
• Length (specific or random)
• 長度（特定或隨機）
• Optional requirements, (other temperatures, Section 13; hydrostatic or electric test, Section 15),
• 可選要求（其他溫度，第13節；靜水壓或電氣試驗，第15節），
• Test report required, (Certification Section of Specification A 450/A 450M),
• 需要測試報告（規範A 450/A 450M的認證部分），
• Specification designation,
• 規格名稱，
• Special requirements and any supplementary requirements selected.
• 特殊要求和選擇的任何補充要求。

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The most important and desired changes in alloy steel are合金鋼最重要和最理想的變化是

Alloy steels are made by combining carbon steel with one or several alloying elements, such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium and aluminum. These metals are added to produce specific properties that are not found in regular carbon steel. The elements are added in varying proportions (or combinations) making the material take on different aspects such as increased hardness, increased corrosion resistance, increased strength, improved formability (ductility); the weldability can also change.

合金鋼是通過將碳鋼與一種或多種合金元素（如錳、矽、鎳、鈦、銅、鉻和鋁）結合而製成的。添加這些金屬是為了產生普通碳鋼中沒有的特定性能。這些元素以不同的比例（或組合）添加，使材料具有不同的方麵，如增加的硬度、增加的耐腐蝕性、增加的強度、改善的可成形性（延展性）；可焊性也會改變。

• Increased hardenability.
• 提高淬透性
• Increased corrosion resistance.
• 提高耐腐蝕性。
• Retention of hardness and strength.
• 保持硬度和強度。
• Nearly all alloy steels require heat treatment in order to bring out their best properties.
• 幾乎所有的合金鋼都需要熱處理才能發揮其最佳性能。

Alloying Elements & Their Effects合金元素及其作用

• Chromium – Adds hardness. Increased toughness and wear resistance.
• 鉻——增加硬度。增加韌性和耐磨性。
• Cobalt – Used in making cutting tools; improved Hot Hardness (or Red Hardness).
• 鈷——用於製造切削工具；提高了熱硬度（或紅硬度）。
• Manganese – Increases surface hardness. Improves resistance to strain, hammering & shocks.
• 錳–增加表麵硬度。提高抗應變、抗錘擊和抗衝擊性。
• Molybdenum – Increases strength. Improves resistance to shock and heat.
• 鉬-增加強度。提高抗衝擊性和耐熱性。
• Nickel – Increases strength & toughness. Improves corrosion resistance.
• 鎳-增加強度和韌性。提高耐腐蝕性。
• Tungsten – Adds hardness and improves grain structure. Provides improved heat resistance.
• 鎢–增加硬度並改善晶粒結構。提供更好的耐熱性。
• Vanadium – Increases strength, toughness and shock resistance. Improved corrosion resistance.
• 釩——增加強度、韌性和抗衝擊性。提高了耐腐蝕性。
• Chromium-Vanadium – Greatly improved tensile strength. It is hard but easy to bend and cut.
• 鉻釩——大大提高了抗拉強度。它很硬，但很容易彎曲和切割。